中文名：螺紋鋼Chinese Name: 螺紋鋼外文名：Screw Thread Steel / Hot Rolled Ribbed BarsForeign Name: Screw Thread Steel / Hot Rolled Ribbed Bars全稱：熱軋帶肋鋼筋Full Name: Hot Rolled Ribbed Bars主要用途：房屋、橋梁、道路等土建工程建設，廣泛用于基礎設施及建筑結構的骨架材料Main Uses: Construction of buildings, bridges, roads, and other civil engineering projects, widely used as the skeletal material for infrastructure and building structures.

一、定義與命名Section I: Definition and Nomenclature螺紋鋼是熱軋帶肋鋼筋的俗稱，其牌號由HRB和屈服點最小值構成。HRB中的H、R、B分別代表英文“Hot rolled（熱軋）”、“Ribbed（帶肋）”、“Bars（鋼筋）”。根據國家標準（如GB1499.2-2024），螺紋鋼分為三個主要牌號： Screw Thread Steel is the common name for Hot Rolled Ribbed Bars. Its grade is composed of HRB and the minimum yield point value. HRB stands for "Hot rolled," "Ribbed," and "Bars." According to national standards (e.g., GB1499.2-2024), Screw Thread Steel is divided into three main grades:

● HRB400（屈服強度400MPa，常用牌號）

○ HRB400 (Yield strength 400MPa, commonly used grade)

● HRB500（屈服強度500MPa，高強度型）

○ HRB500 (Yield strength 500MPa, high-strength type)

● HRB600（屈服強度600MPa，超高強度型）

○ HRB600 (Yield strength 600MPa, ultra-high strength type)

牌號升級反映了鋼材的強度性能，適應不同工程需求。 The grade upgrade reflects the strength performance of the steel and adapts to different engineering needs.

二、分類方法Section II: Classification Methods

1. 幾何形狀分類

○ 按橫肋截面形狀及間距分類，如英國標準BS4449分為Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型，主要反映握緊性能。

■ Classified by cross-sectional shape and spacing of ribs, e.g., British standard BS4449 divides into Type I and Type II, primarily reflecting gripping performance.

○ 常見橫肋形狀：螺旋形、人字形、月牙形（國產常見）。

■ Common rib shapes: Spiral, herringbone, crescent moon (common in domestic products).

2. 性能分類（強度等級）

○ 按屈服點和抗拉強度分級（如GB1499.2標準）。

■ Classified by yield point and tensile strength (e.g., GB1499.2 standard).

○ 日本JISG3112按綜合性能分為5個種類；英國BS4461則規定性能試驗等級。

■ Japan's JISG3112 classifies into 5 types based on comprehensive performance; British BS4461 specifies performance test grades.

3. 用途分類

○ 鋼筋混凝土用普通鋼筋；

■ Ordinary reinforcing bars for reinforced concrete.

○ 預應力鋼筋混凝土用熱處理鋼筋等。

■ Heat-treated bars for prestressed reinforced concrete, etc.

三、行業標準（規格與質量）Section III: Industry Standards (Specifications and Quality)

1. 規格尺寸

○ 公稱直徑范圍：6~50mm，常用直徑如8、12、16、20、25、32mm等。

■ Nominal diameter range: 6~50mm, common diameters such as 8, 12, 16, 20, 25, 32mm, etc.

○ 供貨長度：定尺（9m、12m為主），非定尺按合同要求。

■ Supply length: Fixed length (mainly 9m, 12m), non-fixed length as per contract requirements.

2. 外觀與表面質量

○ 表面不得有裂紋、結疤、折疊等缺陷；

■ The surface shall not have cracks, scars, folds, or other defects.

○ 橫肋幾何設計需符合夾角、間距等規范（如夾角β≥45°，肋間距≤直徑的0.7倍）。

■ The rib geometry design must meet specifications such as angle (β≥45°) and rib spacing (≤0.7 times the diameter).

3. 成分與性能檢驗

○ 化學成分：主要控制C、Mn、P、S、Si等元素含量，如C（0.10~0.40%）、Mn<1.80%等。

■ Chemical composition: Mainly control elements such as C, Mn, P, S, Si, e.g., C (0.10~0.40%), Mn <1.80%, etc.

○ 力學性能：需通過拉伸試驗（抗拉強度、屈服強度、延伸率）、彎曲試驗及反向彎曲試驗。

■ Mechanical properties: Must pass tensile tests (tensile strength, yield strength, elongation), bending tests, and reverse bending tests.

○ 表面裂紋檢測：彎曲180°后表面不得出現裂紋。

■ Surface crack detection: No cracks shall appear on the surface after 180° bending.

4. 標準號參考

○ 中國：GB1499.2-2024（最新修訂版）、GB/T2101-2008等；

■ China: GB1499.2-2024 (latest revision), GB/T2101-2008, etc.

○ 國際標準：JISG3112（日本）、BS4449（英國）等。

■ International standards: JISG3112 (Japan), BS4449 (UK), etc.

四、生產工藝與生產分布Section IV: Production Process and Distribution

1. 生產工藝

○ 通過小型軋機（連續式、半連續式、橫列式）生產，主流為全連續式軋機。

■ Produced by small rolling mills (continuous, semi-continuous, cross-row types), with the mainstream being fully continuous rolling mills.

○ 坯料為連鑄小方坯（邊長130~160mm），經加熱、粗軋、中軋、精軋、水冷、剪切等工序成型。

■ The billet is a continuous casting small square billet (130~160mm side length), which is formed through processes such as heating, rough rolling, medium rolling, finish rolling, water cooling, and shearing.

○ 新技術：高壓水除鱗、低溫軋制、無頭軋制等提升效率與精度。

■ New technologies: High-pressure water descaling, low-temperature rolling, headless rolling, etc., to improve efficiency and precision.

2. 生產分布

○ 中國是全球最大生產國，華東地區為最大產區（占比超40%），華北、中南次之。

■ China is the largest producer globally, with the華東region being the largest production area (over 40%), followed by華北and中南.

○ 生產分散，主要企業包括沙鋼、唐鋼、萊鋼等，地方企業和民營企業占主導。

■ Production is decentralized, with major enterprises including Shagang, Tanggang, Laigang, etc., dominated by local and private enterprises.

五、市場現狀與期貨意義Section V: Market Status and Futures Significance

1. 市場特點

○ 中國鋼材消費中建筑用鋼占比約50%，螺紋鋼占據重要份額。

■ Building steel accounts for about 50% of China's steel consumption, with Screw Thread Steel holding a significant share.

○ 受城鎮化、基建投資驅動，需求持續增長，但產能過剩問題仍需關注。

■ Driven by urbanization and infrastructure investment, demand continues to grow, but overcapacity issues still need attention.

2. 期貨意義

○ 螺紋鋼期貨（如上海期貨交易所品種）為鋼鐵產業鏈提供套期保值工具，幫助企業管理價格風險。

■ Screw Thread Steel futures (e.g., products from the Shanghai Futures Exchange) provide hedging tools for the steel industry chain, helping enterprises manage price risks.

○ 促進鋼鐵行業穩定運行，優化產銷策略，減少價格波動影響。

■ Promote stable operation of the steel industry, optimize production and sales strategies, and reduce the impact of price fluctuations.

六、應用案例與注意事項Section VI: Application Cases and Precautions

1. 應用領域

○ 大型工程：高速公路、鐵路橋梁、隧道、水壩等；

■ Large projects: highways, railway bridges, tunnels, dams, etc.

○ 建筑結構：基礎、梁、柱、墻體及樓板鋼筋骨架。

■ Building structures: Foundations, beams, columns, wall and floor slab reinforcement skeletons.

2. 使用注意事項

○ 存儲需防潮防銹，銹蝕會影響力學性能；

■ Storage requires moisture and rust prevention, as rusting affects mechanical properties.

○ 進口或倉儲時需保留爐號、批號標記，便于質量追溯；

■ Import or storage requires retention of furnace numbers and batch numbers for quality traceability.

○ 施工時需符合設計規范，確保綁扎與混凝土握裹力。

■ During construction, comply with design specifications to ensure binding and concrete gripping force.

七、歷史與政策影響Section VII: History and Policy Impact

● 過去曾面臨產能過剩、原料價格波動（如鐵礦）及國際貿易摩擦（如澳大利亞反傾銷調查，2015年案例）。

○ In the past, faced issues such as overcapacity, raw material price fluctuations (e.g., iron ore), and international trade frictions (e.g., Australia's anti-dumping investigation in 2015).

● 政策調控通過環保標準、產能整合推動行業高質量發展。

○ Policy regulation has promoted high-quality industry development through environmental protection standards and capacity integration.

八、結語Section VIII: Conclusion螺紋鋼作為基礎建設的關鍵材料，其標準化生產、性能提升及期貨工具的應用，支撐著現代建筑與基礎設施的安全性與經濟性。隨著技術進步與市場需求演變，螺紋鋼將繼續在土木工程中發揮核心作用。 As a key material for infrastructure construction, Screw Thread Steel, with its standardized production, improved performance, and application of futures tools, supports the safety and economy of modern buildings and infrastructure. With technological advancements and evolving market demands, Screw Thread Steel will continue to play a central role in civil engineering.

參考資料：GB1499.2國家標準、相關行業報告及期貨市場數據。References: GB1499.2 national standards, relevant industry reports, and futures market data.更新日期：2025年6月（注：部分數據可能隨行業政策或標準修訂而更新）Update Date: June 2025 (Note: Some data may be updated with industry policies or standard revisions)

編制說明：本報告綜合公開資料整理，供學術、工程及貿易參考，具體應用請結合最新標準與規范執行。Compilation Note: This report is compiled from publicly available information for academic, engineering, and trade reference. Specific applications should be executed in accordance with the latest standards and specifications.

提示：如需更詳細的技術參數或最新市場數據，建議查閱權威機構發布的行業標準或行業研究報告。Note: For more detailed technical parameters or the latest market data, it is recommended to consult industry standards or research reports published by authoritative institutions.